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Recel successoral : l’indivision, condition indispensable de la sanction
Dans une décision rendue le 4 septembre 2025, la Cour d’appel de Nîmes rappelle un principe fondamental en matière de recel successoral : la sanction suppose l’existence d’une indivision successorale.
Une veuve était accusée par les héritières de son époux de s’être indûment approprié près de 100 000 € dans les années ayant précédé le décès. Elles soutenaient que ces opérations, non révélées lors du règlement de la succession, constituaient un recel successoral.
Les juges du fond écartent cette qualification. En l’espèce, le conjoint survivant avait été privé de ses droits légaux par le défunt et institué légataire à titre particulier de l’usufruit de la maison familiale par testament.
Dès lors, aucune indivision successorale n’existait entre la veuve et les héritières, condition pourtant indispensable à la caractérisation du recel.
La Cour rappelle que le recel successoral a pour objet de garantir la loyauté et la sincérité du partage entre indivisaires. En l’absence d’indivision, la sanction ne peut s’appliquer.
