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Violation d’une clause de non-concurrence : la preuve du préjudice effectif est indispensable
La Cour de cassation a rappelé une exigence fondamentale en matière de clause de non-concurrence : sa violation ne suffit pas, à elle seule, à ouvrir droit à réparation.
Dans cette affaire, une société invoquait l’inexécution d’une clause de non-concurrence post-contractuelle à la suite de la rupture d’un contrat d’agence commerciale. Si la violation était alléguée, encore fallait-il démontrer l’existence d’un préjudice réel et concret. Au visa de l’ancien article 1147 du Code civil, la Haute juridiction souligne que le créancier de l’obligation doit établir le principe et l’étendue du préjudice subi, notamment en lien avec une désorganisation effective de son réseau ou une atteinte caractérisée à ses intérêts économiques.
En l’absence de cette démonstration, la condamnation ne peut être prononcée. La Cour censure ainsi l’arrêt d’appel pour défaut de base légale.
À retenir : en matière de non-concurrence, la réparation n’est pas automatique. La preuve d’un préjudice effectif demeure une condition essentielle de l’indemnisation.
18/12/2025
Droit Commercial,
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Source : Le Mag Juridique
