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Assurance de biens : l’indemnité n’a pas à être affectée aux travaux, sauf clause contraire
Par un arrêt du 18 juin 2026 (Cass. civ. 2ème, n°25-10.433), la Cour de cassation rappelle un principe essentiel en matière d’assurance de biens : l’assuré reste libre de l’utilisation de l’indemnité versée par son assureur, sauf stipulation contraire du contrat.
En l’espèce, un assuré sollicitait le versement de la TVA correspondant aux travaux de remise en état de son bien endommagé. Les juges du fond avaient rejeté cette demande au motif qu’il avait réalisé lui-même les réparations.
La Cour de cassation casse cette décision.
Le principe indemnitaire limite le montant de l’indemnisation, mais n’impose pas à l’assuré d’utiliser l’indemnité pour réparer le bien ou le remplacer. En l’absence de clause contractuelle le prévoyant, l’assureur ne peut pas réduire l’indemnité au seul motif que l’assuré a effectué lui-même les travaux. Les modalités d’emploi de l’indemnité relèvent donc avant tout des stipulations du contrat d’assurance.
Par cette décision, la Haute juridiction réaffirme que le principe indemnitaire fixe le plafond de l’indemnisation, mais ne permet pas à l’assureur d’imposer à l’assuré la manière dont cette indemnité doit être utilisée, en l’absence de stipulation contractuelle expresse.
